Organic Field Effect Transistor Using Pentacene Single Crystals Grown by a Liquid-Phase Crystallization Process

Original entry: William Bonificio, AP 225, Fall 2009

Information

Organic Field Effect Transistor Using Pentacene Single Crystals Grown by a Liquid-Phase Crystallization Process. Yasuo Kimura, Michio Niwano, Naohiko Ikuma, Kenichi Goushi, Kingo Itaya. Langmuir 2009 25 (9), 4861-4863

Soft matter keywords

Liquid-Phase Crystallization, Pentazene, Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET), Pentacene, Tricholorbenzene.

Summary

The purpose of this study was to investigate a different fabrication technique for creating single crystals of pentacene to be used for organic field effect transistors. The liquid-phase crystallization process creates single crystals by evaporating off a solvent when pentacene is in solution. The pentacene crystals formed by this method then had their semiconducting properties measured and these properties were compared to pentacene crystals grown using different methods.

Soft matter discussion

The top image is an atomic force microscopy image of pentacene single crsytal. The bottom image is the height along the white arrow from the top image.

The top photo shows the parallel stripes with a few islands corresponding to a DTAD concentration of 10mM. The next photo shows more stripes that are longer and thicker corresponding to a DTAD concentration of 20mM.

Future devices may have a need for nanoscale structures, so research in this area is booming even without direct applications in mind. To create these structures, many scientists have already noticed that surfactant molecules can self assemble in unique ways; much research has been done on single tailed, or two tailed surfactants. The people in this study however, have used a trimeric structure, DTAD, pictured left.

The researchers used the critical concentration to create micelles from DTAD, 0.29mM, as a basis for their study. They added concentrations of 0.08, 2, 10, and 20 mM, corresponding to 0.2, 5, 25, and 50 times its cmc, respectively to a mica surface. At the lowest concentration typical islands were observed, then as the CMC was passed, parallel stripes began forming. As the concentration was then increased the islands gave way to longer and thicker parallel stripes. These can be seen in the figure on the right. The dimensions of these structures is about 1um in length, 40-80 nm in width, and 2-4nm in height.

I will refer you to the paper to look into the proposed theory for why this structure arises. It has to do with many different factors, including hydrophobic interactions, lattice matching, and electrostatic binding. A proposed structure is shown in the image to the right.

Proposed structure for DTAD on mica. The orange hexagonal structure is the mica lattice, while the blue and pink represent the DTAD head group. The yellow bonding in image B is the DTAD hydrocarbon chains.