Charges at low conductivity
From Soft-Matter
Contents
Introduction
| Ions will associate if they get closer than an energy that corresponds to -kT. | <math>\text{ }E_{coul}=\frac{-e^{2}}{4\pi \varepsilon _{r}\varepsilon _{0}d}</math> |
| In water: | <math>\varepsilon _{H_{2}O}\simeq 80\text{ and }d\gg 0.7nm</math> |
| In oil: | <math>\varepsilon _{oil}\simeq 2\text{ and }d\gg 27nm</math> |
In oil the electrostatic attraction is longer range than in water. In oil the “solvated” ion must be much larger than in water.
Oil "Electrolytes"
| The micelle core is highly polar. Possibly like a molten salt? |
| The diameters are 10’s of nanometers. |
| Single polymer molecules may be sufficient. |
Creation of charged micelles in oil
| Micelles exchange ions with each other and with surfaces.
The equilibrium is a dynamic balance. |
Creation of charged surfaces in oil
Electrical double layers in oil
| The electrostatic repulsion is determined by Coulombic forces between the charged particles: | <math>\Delta G^{R}=\frac{\pi D\varepsilon _{0}d^{2}\zeta ^{2}}{d+H}</math> |
Lightning
Electric charges at low conductivity!!!
Explosion in oil processing
| “Early in 1954 a large tank in Shell’s refinery at Pernis exploded 40 minutes after the start of a blending operation in which a tops-naphtha mixture was being pumped into straight-run naphtha...
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Common Misconceptions on "Static Electricity
For more detailed description go to this website(it's fun to read!): http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/emotor/stmiscon.html#two
- 'Static Electricity' is electricity which is static? → No.Electrostatics is not about "staticness," instead it's about charge and forces.
- Electric circuits use current, not 'static?' → No.
- Friction causes 'static electricity?' → Wrong.
- 'Static electricity' has nothing to do with High Voltage? →
- 'Static electricity' is a buildup of electrons? →
- Neutral objects have no charge? →
- 'Electricity' is a form of energy? →
- 'Charging' a capacitor fills it with charge? →
- We don't used 'Static electricity,' it's too weak and feeble? → Not exactly.
- 'Static' is a useless and rare event: sparks and dryer-cling? →
- Clouds are charged by rubbing together? →
- Ben Franklin's kite was struck by lightning? →
- Electrostatics" is the study of electricity at rest? →
