Bioinspired Self-Repairing Slippery Surfaces with Pressure-Stable Omniphobicity
Entry by Emily Redston, AP 226, Spring 2012
- Work in progress*
Reference
Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity by T.S. Wong, S.H. Kang, S.K.Y. Tang, E.J. Smythe, B.D. Hatton, A. Grinthal, and J. Aizenberg. Nature 477, 443-447 (2011)
Keywords
omniphobicity, biomimetics, self-healing, surface texture, SLIPS
Introduction
Researchers have classically drawn inspiration from the lotus effect when designing synthetic liquid-repellent surfaces. Water droplets are able to easily roll off a lotus leaf because they are supported by surface textures on a composite solid-air interface. However, this approach has several inherent limitations, restricting its applicability. For instance, this design does not work well with organic liquids or complex mixtures with low surface tensions. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose an alternative approach that derives from systems like the Nepenthes pitcher plant. Instead of using microstructures to repel impinging liquids directly, these systems use them to lock-in an intermediary liquid that then acts by itself as the repellent surface. Following this idea, the Wong et al. designed their own synthetic liquid-repellent surfaces, which they named 'slippery liquid-infused porous surface(s)' or SLIPS. They consist of a film of lubricating liquid locked in place by a micro/nanoporous substrate.
The heart of this design lies in the fact that a liquid surface
- is intrinsically smooth and defect-free
- provides immediate self-repair by wicking into damaged sites in the underlying sustrate
- is largely incompressible
- can be chose to repel immisicble liquids of virtually any surface tension
The authors made the SLIPS based on three criteria:
- 1. the lubricating must wick into, wet and stably adhere within the substrate
- 2. the solid must be preferentially wetted by the lubricating liquid rather than by the liquid one wants to repel
- 3. the lubricating and impinging test liquids must be immiscible
These SLIPS create a smooth, stable interface that nearly eliminates pinning of the liquid contact line for both high- and low-surface tension liquids, minimizes pressure-induced impalement into the porous structures, self-heals and retains its function following mechanical damage, and can be made optically transparent.
Results

Some Neat Videos
Movie 1 -- This movie demonstrates the fast recovery of the liquid-repellent function of a SLIPS after critical physical damage. As seen from the movie, the crude oil droplet is pinned on a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface (without lubricating fluid), while the droplet maintains its mobility on the SLIPS. Extra-light crude oil (from Appalachian Basin, USA) was used as the test liquid for demonstration.
Movie 2 -- This movie demonstrates the excellent ice-repellency of a SLIPS, as compared to a nanostructured surface. As seen from the movie, an ice block (formed from a frozen water droplet of ˜100 µL at –4 °C and ˜45% relative humidity) slides on the SLIPS under the influence of gravity. In comparison, an ice block of the same volume remains strongly pinned on a superhydrophobic nanostructured surface without a lubricating layer. This movie corresponds to Fig. 4c in the main text.
Movie 3 -- This movie demonstrates the self-cleaning ability of a SLIPS. As seen from the movie, carbon dust is seeded onto the SLIPS and can be easily removed by sliding an ethanol droplet across the surface. This movie corresponds to Fig. S7a in the Supplementary Information.
The rest of the videos can be found here
Conclusions
These SLIPS have a wide range of applications, such as in biomedical fluid handling, fuel transport, self-cleaning winwos and optical devices,anti-fouling, and anti-icing. Anti-icing is only briefly touched upon in the paper, but I personally find it very interesting. I know that one of the major uses of anti-icing devices is for the turbine blades for wind turbines. While SLIPS are certainly an extremely clever design, I wonder if they will be able to hold up to the harsh weather conditions faced by turbine blades. The authors mention that they are planning on exploring the limits of the performance of SLIPS for long-term operation and under extreme conditions, such as high flow, turbulence, and high- or low-temperature environments. I'm excited to hear about those results, and I hope they turn out successful. Regardless, I have no doubt that SLIPS will have an impact in the future of liquid-repellent surfaces.